Fardet (2008) "Fardet et al (2008). "Is the in vitro antioxidant potential of whole-grain cereals and cereal products well reflected in vivo?" Journal of Cereal Science 48(2): 258-76."
This paper suggests that betaine has long been neglected as a source of antioxidant from cereals.
Papers 2004-7:
Fardet et al (2007). "Whole-Grain and Refined Wheat Flours Show Distinct Metabolic Profiles in Rats as Assessed by a 1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Approach." J Nutr 137(4): 923-29.
Likes et al (2007). "The betaine and choline content of a whole wheat flour compared to other mill streams." J. Cereal Sci. 46(1): 93-5.
Price et al (2007). "Plasma uptake of methyl donors from wheat fractions." Proc Nutr Soc 66(S1): 114A.