Jellinek (2008). "The need for a multi-level biochemical approach to defeat cancer that will also support the host." Medical Hypotheses 71(4): 515-526.
The author suggests a multi-level, simultaneous biochemical approach to treating key elements of cancer (metastasis, tumor growth and immunity) and that betaine should be a component to help prevent tumor growth. For studies to confirm the proposal, the overall expected result is that a combined administration of all agents cited here will outperform any single agent considered so far for anticancer treatment.
Papers 2004-7:
Cho et al (2007). "Dietary Choline and Betaine and the Risk of Distal Colorectal Adenoma in Women." J. Natl. Cancer Inst.: 1224-31.
Cho et al (2007). "Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16(12): 2787-90.
Ziegler and Lim (2007). "One-Carbon Metabolism, Colorectal Carcinogenesis, Chemoprevention with Caution." J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 99(16): 1214-5.
Xu et al (2007). "A functional 19-base pair deletion polymorphism of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and risk of breast cancer in multivitamin users." Am J Clin Nutr 85(4): 1098-102.
Xu et al (2008). "Choline metabolism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based study." Faseb J 22(6): 2045-52.