Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine

Higher plasma betaine was predicted by consumption of high-fiber bread, complex carbohydrates, fiber, folate, thiamine and total energy. Lower plasma betaine was correlated with high-fat dairy products and western dietary pattern (with a high loading for meat, pizza, sugar, and fat). Higher plasma choline was predicted by egg consumption and cholesterol intake.

Konstantinova et al (2008). "Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women." Am J Clin Nutr 88(6): 1663-1669.