Individuality of plasma and urine betaine and DMG

The individuality (within subject consistency) of plasma and urine betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) was compared in two groups of 8 males (ages 19 to 40) either over a single day or over an 8 week period. The study found that plasma betaine and urinary betaine excretions are more individual than DMG, and that plasma and urine betaine are highly individual in the general population.

Lever et al (2009). "Plasma and urine betaine and dimethylglycine variation in healthy young male subjects." Clin Biochem 42: 706-12.

Papers 2004-7

Lever et al (2004). "Short and long-term variation of plasma glycine betaine concentrations in humans." Clin Biochem 37(3): 184-90.

Slow et al (2004). "Betaine analogues alter homocysteine metabolism in rats." Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36(5): 870-80.

Lever et al (2005). "Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N,N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic." Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental 54(1): 1-14.

Slow et al (2005). "The betaine content of New Zealand foods and estimated intake in the New Zealand diet." J Food Comp Anal 18: 473-85.

Lever et al (2007). "An abnormal urinary excretion of glycine betaine may persist for years." Clin Biochem 40(11): 798-801.

Lever et al (2007). "Inter- and intra-individual variations in normal urinary glycine betaine excretion." Clin Biochem 40(7): 447-53.

Lever et al (2007). "Sex differences in the control of plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of glycine betaine in patients attending a lipid disorders clinic." Clin Biochem 40(16-17): 1225-31.

Atkinson et al (2008). "Dietary and supplementary betaine: acute effects on plasma betaine and homocysteine concentrations under standard and postmethionine load conditions in healthy male subjects." Am J Clin Nutr 87(3): 577-585.